Medical Fitness to Work

Medical fitness to work assessments may be required (by law or policy) of workers in positions that are safety sensitive, remote or offshore, are physically demanding, or are otherwise high risk.

All Canadian employers have a duty of care and a duty to accommodate persons with medical disabilities. If an employer implements a program to assess medical fitness to work, they must demonstrate that it is reasonably necessary and is rationally connected to the job performance.

A medical fitness assessment may be required as a condition of the job offer (pre-placement)
or periodically during employment. The purpose of these assessments is to determine whether the worker has a medical condition that will pose a limitation or restriction for the work:
Work Limitation = can undertake the task, but not to the usual expectations
(e.g. speed, strength, schedule)
Work Restriction = cannot or should not undertake a specific task or aspect of the work
(i.e. serious and imminent risk).

It is then is the employer’s responsibility to determine how they can accommodate the worker’s disability.
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Medical fitness to work assessments may be required (by law or policy) of workers in positions that are safety sensitive, remote or offshore, are physically demanding, or are otherwise high risk.

All Canadian employers have a duty of care and a duty to accommodate persons with medical disabilities. If an employer implements a program to assess medical fitness to work, they must demonstrate that it is reasonably necessary and is rationally connected to the job performance.

A medical fitness assessment may be required as a condition of the job offer (pre-placement)
or periodically during employment. The purpose of these assessments is to determine whether the worker has a medical condition that will pose a limitation or restriction for the work:
Work Limitation = can undertake the task, but not to the usual expectations
(e.g. speed, strength, schedule)
Work Restriction = cannot or should not undertake a specific task or aspect of the work
(i.e. serious and imminent risk).

It is then is the employer’s responsibility to determine how they can accommodate the worker’s disability.
Reference Article
Reference Articles


Bona Fide Occupational Requirements and Bona Fide Justifications under the Canadian Human Rights Act: The implications of Meiorin and Grismer. Canadian Human Rights Commission (2007)
Proceedings of the Consensus Forum on Establishing Bona Fide Requirements For Physically Demanding Occupations. York University. (2001)
Serra et al. Criteria and methods used for the assessment of fitness for work: a systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007; 64:304-312
Mahmud et al. Pre-employment examinations for preventing occupational injury and disease in workers. The Cochrane Library 2011; Issue 5.
McDowell I. Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires. (Third edition) Oxford University Press, Inc. (2006)
Guide to Questionnaire Construction and Question Writing. Canadian Public Health Association. (2012)
Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators (CCMTA). Determining Driver Fitness in Canada
Part 1: A Model for the Administration of Driver Fitness Programs
Part 2: Medical Standards for Drivers
UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency - Approved Doctor's Manual: Seafarer Medical Examinations (2015)
Norwegian Maritime Authority Guidance to Regulations on the Medical Examination of Employees on Norwegian Ships and Mobile Offshore Units (2014)
Norwegian Maritime Authority Circular RSV 12-2014 - Quality System for a Seafarer's Doctor (2014)
International Standards Organization - ISO 9001:2015
International Maritime Health Association (IMHA) - Quality Assurance Accreditation Program for Maritime Clinics